What is the main difference between disinfection and sterilization?

Disinfection focuses on reducing the number of viable microorganisms on surfaces or objects, making them safer for use, but it does not eliminate all pathogens. This process is particularly important in healthcare settings, including dental practices, where maintaining a clean environment is essential to prevent infection transmission. Disinfection typically targets a broad range of microorganisms but may leave behind certain resistant spores or viruses.

Sterilization, on the other hand, is a more rigorous process that completely eliminates all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. It is critical for items that come into direct contact with sterile tissues or the vascular system, such as surgical instruments. Understanding the distinction between these two processes is fundamental to infection control practices.

This highlights the importance of using the appropriate method based on the types of items being processed and the level of risk associated with their use.